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                <title level="a" xml:lang="en">Theodora, Roman empress — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܡܠܟܬܐ ܬܐܘܕܘܪܐ</foreign>
                </title>
                <sponsor>Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal</sponsor>
                <funder>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</funder>
                <funder>The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</funder>
                <funder>The National Endowment for the Humanities</funder>
                <funder>The International Balzan Prize Foundation</funder>
                <editor role="creator" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jnsaint-laurent">Jeanne-Nicole
                    Mellon Saint-Laurent</editor>
                <editor role="creator" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dmichelson">David A. Michelson</editor>
                <editor role="creator" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#ngibson">Nathan P. Gibson</editor>
                <editor role="creator" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jwalters">James E. Walters</editor>
                <editor role="creator" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#tcarlson">Thomas A. Carlson</editor>
                <editor role="creator" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#sroggo">Silvio Roggo</editor>
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                    <resp>Data from John of Ephesus added by</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Editing, proofreading, data entry and revision by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jnsaint-laurent">Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent</name>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Editing, document design, data architecture, encoding, proofreading, data
                        entry by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dmichelson">David A.
                        Michelson</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Proofreading of GEDSH abstracts, addition of confessions and alternate
                        names from GEDSH, matching with viaf.org records, data entry, data
                        transformation, data merging, conversion to XML by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#ngibson">Nathan P. Gibson</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>GEDSH and Barsoum English name entry, matching with viaf.org records
                        by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jwalters">James E. Walters</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Editing, Syriac name entry, Arabic name entry, disambiguation research,
                        conversion to XML by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#tcarlson">Thomas A. Carlson</name>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Editing, Syriac data conversion, data entry, and reconciling by</resp>
                    <name ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#akane">Adam P.
                        Kane</name>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Editing and Syriac data proofreading by</resp>
                    <name ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#abarschabo">Aram Bar
                        Schabo</name>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Syriac name entry by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#raydin">Robert Aydin</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Normalization of GEDSH dates and entry matching with viaf.org records
                        by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#avawter">Alex Vawter</name>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Editorial oversight for GEDSH and Barsoum English text entry, and
                        proofreading by</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#cjohnson">Christopher Johnson</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>GEDSH and Barsoum English text entry and proofreading by</resp>
                    <name type="org" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#uasyriacresearchgroup">the
                        Syriac Research Group, University of Alabama</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Entries adapted from the work of</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#uzanetti">Ugo Zanetti</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp>Entries adapted from the work of</resp>
                    <name type="person" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#cdetienne">Claude Detienne</name>
                </respStmt>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
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                <authority>Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal</authority>
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                <availability>
                    <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                        <p>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</p>
                        <p>This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): <listBibl>
                                <bibl>
                                    <ptr target="#bib779-4"/>
                                </bibl>
                                <bibl>
                                    <ptr target="#bib779-3"/>
                                </bibl>
                            </listBibl>
                            <note type="license">used under a Creative Commons Attribution license <ref target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
                            </note>
                        </p>
                    </licence>
                </availability>
                <date>2024-02-16-06:00</date>
            </publicationStmt>
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        <title level="s" xml:lang="en">The Syriac Biographical Dictionary</title>
        <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#ngibson">Nathan P. Gibson</editor>
        <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dmichelson">David A. Michelson</editor>
        <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jnsaint-laurent">Jeanne-Nicole
                    Mellon Saint-Laurent</editor>
        <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dschwartz">Daniel L. Schwartz</editor>
        <editor role="technical" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wpotter">William L. Potter</editor>
        <editor role="technical" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dschwartz">Daniel L. Schwartz</editor>
        <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/persons</idno>
      </seriesStmt>
            <seriesStmt>
                <title level="s" xml:lang="en">A Guide to John of Ephesus</title>
                <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#sroggo">
                    <persName>Silvio Roggo</persName>,<date from="2023">2023-present</date>.</editor>
                <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/johnofephesus</idno>
            </seriesStmt>
            <seriesStmt>
                <title level="s">Gateway to the Syriac Saints</title>
                <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jnsaint-laurent">Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent</editor>
                <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/saints</idno>
            </seriesStmt>
            <seriesStmt>
                <title level="m">Qadishe: A Guide to the Syriac Saints</title>
                <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wpotter">Will Potter</editor>
                <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dmichelson">David A. Michelson</editor>
                <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#jnsaint-laurent">Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent</editor>
                <biblScope unit="volume" n="1">I</biblScope>
             <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/q</idno>
            </seriesStmt>
            <seriesStmt>
                <title level="m" xml:lang="en">Prosopography to John of Ephesus’s Ecclesiastical History</title>
                <editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#sroggo">
                    <persName>Silvio Roggo</persName>,<date from="2023">2023-present</date>.</editor>
                <biblScope unit="volume" n="4">IV</biblScope>
                <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/johnofephesus/persons</idno>
            </seriesStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <p>This is a born digital project. However, our starting point for collecting this
                    data was the 470 saints contained in J. M. Fiey’s <title ref="http://syriaca.org/cbss/RQZYRVIQ">Saints syriaques</title>. Fiey's original
                    work has been expanded and the current database contains over 1000 entries.</p>
            </sourceDesc>
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            <editorialDecl>
                <p>This record created following the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available
                    at: <ref target="http://syriaca.org/documentation">http://syriaca.org/documentation</ref>.</p>
                <interpretation>
                    <p>Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have
                        been interpreted as documented in <ref target="http://syriaca.org/documentation/dates.html">Syriaca.org
                            Dates</ref>.</p>
                </interpretation>
            </editorialDecl>
            <classDecl>
                <taxonomy>
                    <category xml:id="syriaca-headword">
                        <catDesc>The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and
                            disambiguation. These names have been created according to the
                            Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: <ref target="http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html">http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html</ref>.</catDesc>
                    </category>
                    <category xml:id="syriaca-anglicized">
                        <catDesc>An anglicized version of a name, included to facilitate
                            searching.</catDesc>
                    </category>
                </taxonomy>
                <taxonomy>
                    <category xml:id="syriaca-author">
                        <catDesc>A person who is relevant to the Guide to Syriac Authors</catDesc>
                    </category>
                    <category xml:id="syriaca-saint">
                        <catDesc>A person who is relevant to the Bibliotheca Hagiographica
                            Syriaca.</catDesc>
                    </category>
                </taxonomy>
            </classDecl>
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <p> Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines.
                    Documentation available at: <ref target="http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml">http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml</ref>
                </p>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc status="draft">
            <change when="2024-02-16-06:00" who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#sroggo">ADDED: John of Ephesus Ecclesiastical History data</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dschwartz" when="2023-10">Significant updates to syriacaAll and syriacaPersons schemas have required updates to data and fixing of errors in the data. The most significant updates were to the relation, status, and seriesStmt elements and to the @ana att on person and personGrp.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dschwartz" when="2023-06">Major updates to data model in conjunction with schema work requiring some updates
                to data as well.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2020-07-07-05:00">CHANGED: Implemented July 2020 batch changes, see <ref target="https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues/878">https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues/878</ref>.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2016-08-17-04:00">Add relations and attestations for saints-overlap.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2016-08-17-04:00">Update persName texts nodes from new headwords.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2016-07-27-04:00">Split names in authors into forename and surname.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2016-06-20-04:00">Move headword attribute from Gedesh to first English
                name.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#ngibson" when="2016-05-23+02:00" xml:id="change779-1">Merged in data from [duplicate record
                with same URI].</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dmichelson" n="1.0" when="2015-11-02-05:00">CREATED: person [duplicate record with same URI]</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2014-10-15-04:00">ADDED: Renumbered bibl xml:id attributes and source
                references to be sequential.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2014-10-15-04:00">ADDED: Abstracts, citation, additional names and confessions
                from GEDSH.</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#wsalesky" when="2014-10-15-04:00">ADDED: syriaca-computed-end for elements with date
                attributes</change>
            <change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#tcarlson" n="1.0" when="2014-07-31-05:00"> CREATED: person </change>
        </revisionDesc>
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        <body>
            <listPerson>
                <person ana="#syriaca-saint">
                    <persName xml:id="name779-1" xml:lang="en-x-gedsh" source="#bib779-1">
                        <forename sort="1">Theodora</forename>
                        <roleName type="office" sort="2">(Empress)</roleName>
                    </persName>
                    <persName xml:id="name779-2" xml:lang="en" resp="http://syriaca.org" srophe:tags="#syriaca-headword">
                        <forename sort="1">Theodora</forename>, <roleName type="office" sort="2">Roman empress</roleName>
                    </persName>
                    <persName xml:id="name779-3" corresp="#name779-2 #name779-4 #name779-5" xml:lang="ar" source="#bib779-3">
                        <addName type="untagged-title" sort="2">القيصرة</addName>
                        <forename sort="1">ثاودورة</forename>
                    </persName>
                    <persName xml:id="name779-4" corresp="#name779-2 #name779-3 #name779-5" xml:lang="syr" srophe:tags="#syriaca-headword" source="#bib779-4">
                        <addName type="untagged-title" sort="2">ܡܠܟܬܐ</addName>
                        <forename sort="1">ܬܐܘܕܘܪܐ</forename>
                    </persName>
                    <persName xml:id="name779-5" corresp="#name779-2 #name779-3 #name779-4" xml:lang="syr-Syrj" source="#bib779-4">
                        <addName type="untagged-title" sort="2">ܡܰܠܟܬܐ</addName>
                        <forename sort="1">ܬܶܐܘܳܕܳܘܪܰܐ</forename>
                    </persName>
                    <persName xml:id="name779-6" xml:lang="en" source="#bib779-5">Theodora</persName>
                    <persName xml:lang="syr" xml:id="name779-7" source="#bib779-6">ܬܐܕܘܪܐ</persName>
                    <persName xml:lang="en-x-gedsh" xml:id="name779-8" resp="http://syriaca.org">Tēʾōḏōrā</persName>
                    <persName xml:lang="fr-x-zanetti" xml:id="name779-9" source="#bib779-6">Tēʾōḏōrā</persName>
                    <persName xml:lang="fr" xml:id="name779-10" source="#bib779-6">Théodora</persName>
                    <persName xml:lang="en" xml:id="name779-11" resp="http://syriaca.org">Theodora, Roman empress</persName>
                    <persName xml:lang="syr" xml:id="name779-12" resp="http://syriaca.org" srophe:tags="#anonymous-description">ܡܠܟܬܐ</persName>
                    <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/person/779</idno>
                    <idno subtype="deprecated" type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/SRP|person_779</idno>
                    <idno subtype="deprecated" type="URI">http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82-260537</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/25968250</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/76289030</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/98257930</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/84989394</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/221767793</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://viaf.org/viaf/228961108</idno>
                    <idno subtype="deprecated" type="URI">http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&amp;sL=T&amp;sK=Theodora&amp;sT=keywords</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/johnofephesus/persons/779</idno>
                    <idno type="URI">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Justinian_I)</idno>
                    <note xml:lang="en" type="abstract" corresp="http://syriaca.org/persons http://syriaca.org/q http://syriaca.org/saints">
                        <quote source="#bib779-1">Raised as a child acrobat in the circus, Theodora
                            married the future emperor Justinian I in 523.</quote>
                    </note>
                    <note type="abstract" xml:lang="en" corresp="http://syriaca.org/johnofephesus http://syriaca.org/johnofephesus/persons">
                        <quote source="#bib779-9">Before her rise to the throne as the wife of emperor Justinian, Theodora was had been an actress, a profession which gave rise to rumours that she had been a prostitute. John of Ephesus remembers Theodora fondly because she protected a large number of miaphysite monks and clerics in Constantinople until her death in 548.</quote>
                    </note>
                    <floruit>
                        <date source="#bib779-9" notBefore="0527-04-01">527-548</date>
                    </floruit>
                    <death>
                        <date source="#bib779-9">0548-06-28</date>
                    </death>
                    <death>
                        <date when="0548" srophe:computed-start="0548-01-01" source="#bib779-1">548</date>
                    </death>
                    <gender source="#bib779-10" ana="http://syriaca.org/taxonomy/women">female</gender>
                    <state type="occupation" ref="empress" source="#bib779-1 #bib779-2">
                        <desc xml:lang="en">Empress</desc>
                    </state>
                    <state type="religious-affiliation" source="#bib779-1" ref="http://syriaca.org/taxonomy/syrian-orthodox">
                        <desc xml:lang="en">Syrian Orthodox</desc>
                    </state>
                    <state type="status" ref="http://syriaca.org/taxonomy/saints" resp="http://syriaca.org">
                        <desc xml:lang="en">Saint</desc>
                    </state>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-1">
                        <author>
                            <persName>
                                <forename>S. A.</forename>
                                <surname>Harvey</surname>
                            </persName>
                        </author>
                        <title level="a" xml:lang="en">Theodora (Empress)</title>
                        <title level="m" xml:lang="en">The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the
                            Syriac Heritage</title>
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/B23EXVEQ"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">401</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-2">
                        <title level="m" xml:lang="en">The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac
                            Literature and Sciences</title>
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/7PN78IZN"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">300</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-3">
                        <title level="m" xml:lang="ar">كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب
                            السريانية</title>
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/T3RMVYM7"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">261</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-4">
                        <title level="m" xml:lang="syr">ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ
                            ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ</title>
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/SGBVKKGH"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">287</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-5">
                        <title level="m" xml:lang="en">A Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac
                            Christianity</title>
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/M2B53VFA"/>
                        <citedRange unit="entry" target="http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&amp;sL=T&amp;sK=Theodora&amp;sT=keywords">Theodora</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-6">
                        <title level="m" xml:lang="la">Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca</title>
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/2KJEZZGS"/>
                        <citedRange unit="entry">1054</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-7">
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/9KL93RUC"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">9; 67; 70; 72; 183; 187; 233; 253</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="chapter">3.1.10; 3.2.9; 3.2.10; 3.2.11; 3.4.6; 3.4.8; 3.4.49; 3.5.1</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-8">
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/7K28WD3W"/>
                        <citedRange unit="entry">Theodora 1</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="p">1240-1241</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-9">
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/7K28WD3W"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">1240-1241</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="bib779-10">
                        <ptr target="http://syriaca.org/cbss/9KL93RUC"/>
                        <citedRange unit="p">9; 67; 70; 72; 183; 187; 233; 253</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                </person>
            </listPerson>
        </body>
    </text>
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